威联通设置硬盘休眠（待机）的解决方法

作者： 分类：NAS 字数：7792
warning: 这篇文章距离上次修改已过1099天，其中的内容可能已经有所变动。

背景

好奇观察了下 453Bmini 硬盘的休眠（待机）情况，发现在已有 SSD 作为系统和软件安装区域后，HDD 仍不进入休眠状态，或进入休眠短时间被唤醒。
我的 1 号硬盘位是SSD，所以以 2 号硬盘位的 HDD 举例：查看硬盘是否休眠可通过命令 hdparm -C /dev/sdb，如果输出 drive state is: active/idle 则表示硬盘是唤醒状态，如果输出 drive state is: standby 则表示硬盘已休眠（低功耗模式）。

调查

首先排查 NAS 系统中是否开启了硬盘待机，在“控制台”>“系统”>“硬件”中，我已经开启；
排查了官方文档中描述的其他场景，我用了 Container Station，但是全部都是在 SSD 上，应当也不会阻止 HDD 休眠。
这就比较奇怪了，只能网上搜索一番，直到找到下面这两篇博客给我解了疑：


1.在威联通NAS上完美实现硬盘单独休眠
2.QNAP 威联通磁盘分区探索与数据导出

我将上面的博客内容总结一下，除系统盘之外的硬盘不能休眠，是因为 QNAP 选择将每一块硬盘都分出来两个区块，然后将这部分区块组成了 RAID1（下文称为“系统 RAID1”，路径为 /dev/md9 和 /dev/md13），也就是说只要系统有读写，那所有硬盘都将不能休眠。

那如何解决呢？很简单，将非系统盘的分区移出“系统 RAID1”即可，这里以我的第二块硬盘举例：

mdadm /dev/md9 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md13 --fail /dev/sdb4

RAID1 的初衷是避免数据损坏，那我们也可以通过定时任务每天恢复“系统 RAID1”一段时间用于同步数据，之后再断开即可。

添加定时任务
这里我提供两个脚本，一个用于断开“系统 RAID1”，一个用于恢复“系统 RAID1”：

#!/bin/sh
# fail_raid1.sh（断开系统 RAID1）
mdadm /dev/md9 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md13 --fail /dev/sdb4
#!/bin/sh
# readd_raid1.sh（恢复系统 RAID1）
mdadm /dev/md9 --re-add /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md13 --re-add /dev/sdb4
#!/bin/sh
# raid1_monitor.sh（监控 HDD 是否休眠）
echo `date` `hdparm -C /dev/sdb | grep state` >> /share/CACHEDEV1_DATA/my_cron/raid1_monitor.log 2>&1

需要注意的是，QTS（QNAP 的系统）不能通过 crontab -e 这个方式添加定时任务，因为系统内部有一套逻辑会覆盖通过这种方法增加的定时任务，详情可参考官方文档：Add_items_to_crontab

# 每天 0 点恢复系统 RAID1
echo "0 0 * * * /bin/bash /share/CACHEDEV1_DATA/my_cron/readd_raid1.sh" >> /etc/config/crontab
# 每天 0 点 15 分恢复系统 RAID1
echo "15 0 * * * /bin/bash /share/CACHEDEV1_DATA/my_cron/fail_raid1.sh" >> /etc/config/crontab
# 每 10 分钟检测 HDD 是否休眠，结果保存在 raid1_monitor.log 中
echo "*/10 * * * * /bin/bash /share/CACHEDEV1_DATA/my_cron/raid1_monitor.sh" >> /etc/config/crontab
# 重启 crontab
crontab /etc/config/crontab && /etc/init.d/crond.sh restart

优化结果
优化效果显著，监控日志见文末附件。

附件
每 10 分钟监控硬盘状态日志

...
Tue Mar 17 23:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Tue Mar 17 23:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Tue Mar 17 23:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Tue Mar 17 23:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 00:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 00:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 00:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 00:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 00:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 00:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 01:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 01:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 01:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 01:30:01 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 01:40:01 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 01:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 02:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 02:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 02:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 02:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 02:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 02:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 03:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 03:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 03:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 03:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 03:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 03:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 04:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 04:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 04:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 04:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 04:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 04:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 05:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 05:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 05:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 05:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 05:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 05:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 06:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 06:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 06:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 06:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 06:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 06:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 07:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 07:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 07:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 07:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 07:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 07:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 08:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 08:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 08:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 08:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 08:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 08:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 09:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 09:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 09:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 09:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 09:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 09:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 10:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 10:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 10:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 10:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 10:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 10:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 11:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 11:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 11:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 11:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 11:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 11:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 12:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 12:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 12:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 12:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 12:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 12:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 13:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 13:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 13:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 13:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 13:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 13:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 14:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 14:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 14:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 14:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 14:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 14:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 15:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 15:10:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: standby
Wed Mar 18 15:20:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 15:30:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 15:40:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 15:50:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
Wed Mar 18 16:00:00 HKT 2020 drive state is: active/idle
...
QNAP
最后修改于：2021年04月15日 12:45

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